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military supply standards

Толкование Перевод

1 military supply standards

MSS, military supply standards

военные стандарты для предметов снабжения

English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > military supply standards
2 military supply standards

Военный термин: военные стандарты для предметов снабжения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > military supply standards
3 military supply standards

n стандарти для систем воєнних поставок

English-Ukrainian military dictionary > military supply standards
4 MSS

1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stack Segment, Minimum SEGMENT SIZE, mobile satellite service, multiple satellite system

2) Военный термин: Marine Scout Snipers, Measurement And Stimulus Subsystems, Message Support Subsystem, Mission-Management Support System, Moored Sonobuoy System, Specialized Minesweeper, main support structure, maintenance and supply squadron, maintenance support schedule, management systems study, manual safety switch, master simulation system, master surveillance station, medical service school, medical service squadron, medical support system, message switching station, military security service, military supply standards, missile security squadron, missile select switch, missile stabilization system, missile storage structure, missile subsystem, mission simulator system, mission support site, mission support system, mobile service structure, mobility subsystem, modular space station, munitions support squadron, Дивизион обеспечения безопасности (Mobile Security Squadron)

3) Техника: main steam system, management systems section, manned space station, midcourse surveillance system, mission system software, mixed spectrum superheater, modified scram system, modular sonar system, moored surveillance system, multispectral scanner system

4) Оптика: multispectral scanner

5) Психология: Multidimensional Scale of Sexuality

6) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Satellite Systems, Maximum Segment Size (TCP)

7) Сокращение: Maintenance Selection System, Management Support System, Medical Supply Section, Microwave Surveillance System, Mine Search System (Army), Mine Search System, Miniature Surveillance System, Ministry of State Security, China, Minnesota State Statute, Missile Support Subsystem, Mobile Satellite System, Mobile Subscriber Equipment System, Motion Sensing Subsystem, Multi-Spectral Scanner, Multispectral / Spin Scanner, Multistatic Sonar System, manned space system, Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP), manuscripts, Министерство социальной солидарности (Ministry of Social Solidarity) (Министерство социальной солидарности Республики Италия), Manufacturer’s Standardization Society

8) Электроника: Multispectral Scaling, Multispectral Scanning

9) Вычислительная техника: Multiple Selling Service, MIMOLA Software System (MIMOLA), Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP, see also)

10) Нефть: Manufacturers Standardization Society, Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry, management support services, manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry, multi shot survey, Общество по стандартизации в промышленности (США; Manufacturers Standardization Society)

11) Космонавтика: multispectral scanner Landsat, Mobile Servicing System (Canada)

12) Транспорт: Motor Surveillance Service

13) Экология: multispectral sensor

14) СМИ: Music Setting Service

15) Деловая лексика: Maximum SAEF Size, Merchant Supply Services

16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Manufacturers Standartization Society, magnetic single shot inclinometer

17) Нефтегазовая техника Общество стандартизации трубопроводной арматуры (Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry)

18) Сетевые технологии: MAN switching system, mass storage system, массовое запоминающее устройство, система коммутации региональной сети

19) Автоматика: Manufacturing Standardization Society, manufacturing software system, manufacturing supervisory system

20) Полупроводники: modulated semiconductor structure

21) Химическое оружие: Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry

22) Молекулярная генетика: microsatellite stable

23) Безопасность: Managed Security Services

24) Расширение файла: Multiprotocol Switched Services (IBM), Manuscript text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE - Jove)

25) Электротехника: medium scale system

26) Общественная организация: Multiple Sclerosis Society

27) Аэропорты: Massena, New York USA

28) НАСА: Message Switching System

29) Программное обеспечение: Maximum Segment Size

30) AMEX. Measurement Specialties, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MSS
5 mss

1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stack Segment, Minimum SEGMENT SIZE, mobile satellite service, multiple satellite system

2) Военный термин: Marine Scout Snipers, Measurement And Stimulus Subsystems, Message Support Subsystem, Mission-Management Support System, Moored Sonobuoy System, Specialized Minesweeper, main support structure, maintenance and supply squadron, maintenance support schedule, management systems study, manual safety switch, master simulation system, master surveillance station, medical service school, medical service squadron, medical support system, message switching station, military security service, military supply standards, missile security squadron, missile select switch, missile stabilization system, missile storage structure, missile subsystem, mission simulator system, mission support site, mission support system, mobile service structure, mobility subsystem, modular space station, munitions support squadron, Дивизион обеспечения безопасности (Mobile Security Squadron)

3) Техника: main steam system, management systems section, manned space station, midcourse surveillance system, mission system software, mixed spectrum superheater, modified scram system, modular sonar system, moored surveillance system, multispectral scanner system

4) Оптика: multispectral scanner

5) Психология: Multidimensional Scale of Sexuality

6) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Satellite Systems, Maximum Segment Size (TCP)

7) Сокращение: Maintenance Selection System, Management Support System, Medical Supply Section, Microwave Surveillance System, Mine Search System (Army), Mine Search System, Miniature Surveillance System, Ministry of State Security, China, Minnesota State Statute, Missile Support Subsystem, Mobile Satellite System, Mobile Subscriber Equipment System, Motion Sensing Subsystem, Multi-Spectral Scanner, Multispectral / Spin Scanner, Multistatic Sonar System, manned space system, Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP), manuscripts, Министерство социальной солидарности (Ministry of Social Solidarity) (Министерство социальной солидарности Республики Италия), Manufacturer’s Standardization Society

8) Электроника: Multispectral Scaling, Multispectral Scanning

9) Вычислительная техника: Multiple Selling Service, MIMOLA Software System (MIMOLA), Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP, see also)

10) Нефть: Manufacturers Standardization Society, Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry, management support services, manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry, multi shot survey, Общество по стандартизации в промышленности (США; Manufacturers Standardization Society)

11) Космонавтика: multispectral scanner Landsat, Mobile Servicing System (Canada)

12) Транспорт: Motor Surveillance Service

13) Экология: multispectral sensor

14) СМИ: Music Setting Service

15) Деловая лексика: Maximum SAEF Size, Merchant Supply Services

16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Manufacturers Standartization Society, magnetic single shot inclinometer

17) Нефтегазовая техника Общество стандартизации трубопроводной арматуры (Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry)

18) Сетевые технологии: MAN switching system, mass storage system, массовое запоминающее устройство, система коммутации региональной сети

19) Автоматика: Manufacturing Standardization Society, manufacturing software system, manufacturing supervisory system

20) Полупроводники: modulated semiconductor structure

21) Химическое оружие: Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry

22) Молекулярная генетика: microsatellite stable

23) Безопасность: Managed Security Services

24) Расширение файла: Multiprotocol Switched Services (IBM), Manuscript text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE - Jove)

25) Электротехника: medium scale system

26) Общественная организация: Multiple Sclerosis Society

27) Аэропорты: Massena, New York USA

28) НАСА: Message Switching System

29) Программное обеспечение: Maximum Segment Size

30) AMEX. Measurement Specialties, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mss
6 MSS

MSS, main support structure

основное структурное подразделение (тылового) обеспечения
————————
MSS, maintenance and supply squadron

эскадрилья ТО и снабжения
————————
MSS, maintenance support schedule

график технического обеспечения
————————
MSS, management systems study

(исследовательская) разработка по системам (административного) управления
————————
MSS, manual safety switch

ручной аварийный выключатель; ркт ручной выключатель цепи пуска
————————
MSS, master simulation system

главная система моделирования
————————
MSS, master surveillance station

главная станция наблюдения [слежения]
————————
MSS, medical service school

школа медицинской службы
————————
MSS, medical service squadron

эскадрилья медицинского обслуживания
————————
MSS, medical support system

система медицинского обеспечения
————————
MSS, message switching station

станция коммутирования сообщений
————————
MSS, military security service

военная служба безопасности, военная контрразведка; обеспечение безопасности военнослужащих
————————
MSS, military supply standards

военные стандарты для предметов снабжения
————————
MSS, missile security squadron

эскадрилья обеспечения безопасности РК
————————
MSS, missile select switch

переключатель выбора ракеты
————————
MSS, missile stabilization system

система стабилизации ракеты
————————
MSS, missile storage structure

складское помещение для ракет
————————
MSS, missile subsystem

подсистема ракеты
————————
MSS, mission simulator system

система имитатора условий полета
————————
MSS, mission support site

площадка средств обеспечения выполнения задачи
————————
MSS, mission support system

система обеспечения полета [выполнения задачи]
————————
MSS, mobile service structure

ркт самоходная башня обслуживания
————————
MSS, mobility subsystem

подсистема обеспечения мобильности
————————
MSS, modular space station

модульная космическая станция
————————
MSS, munitions support squadron

эскадрилья обеспечения боеприпасами

English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > MSS
7 center

центр; пункт; пост; узел; середина; научпо-иселсдовагсльскпй центр, НИЦ; выводить на середину; арт. корректировать; центрировать;

air C3 center — центр руководства, управления и связи ВВС

air defense training and test(ing) center — учебно-испытательный центр ПВО

airborne battlefield C2 center — ВКП оперативного управления боевыми действиями

Armored (Combat) Training center — учебный центр бронетанковых войск

Army aviation (tactical) center — центр управления действиями армейской авиации

Defense Logistics (Services) center — центр тылового обеспечения МО

general supply (commodity) center — центр [пункт] снабжения предметами общего предназначения

hard launch (operations) control center — ркт. центр [пункт] управления пуском, защищенный от (поражающих факторов) ЯВ

large-scale surface C2 center — крупный наземный центр оперативного управления

launch (operations) control center — ркт. пункт управления стартового комплекса [пуском ракет]

military air traffic (control) center — военный центр УВД

mountain (warfare) training center — центр обучения войск действиям в горах

rear area operation(s) center — оперативный центр тылового района

replacement (depot) training center — учебный центр подготовки пополнений

sector (air operations) control center — центр управления действиями авиации в секторе ПВО

situation center (White House) — центр оценки обстановки (в Белом доме)

space defense C2 center — центр оперативного управления средствами ПКО

tactical fighter weapons (employment development) center — центр разработки способов боевого применения оружия истребителей ТА

— AA defense center

— accounting and finance center

— action center

— action information center

— Adjutant General center

— administrative center

— administrative support operations center

— advanced intelligence center

— advanced message center

— advanced signal center

— Advanced Simulation center

— adventure training center

— aerial embarkation center

— aeromedical evacuation control center

— aeronautical chart and information center

— aeronautical systems center

— Aerospace center

— Aerospace Defense center

— Aerospace Guidance center

— aerospace technical intelligence center

— AG center

— AG message center

— aggressor center

— air combat operations control center

— air control and reporting center

— air control center

— air coordination center

— air defense area operations center

— air defense control center

— air defense direction center

— air defense filter center

— air defense missile systems operations control center

— air defense national center

— air defense notification center

— air defense operations center

— air defense sector operations center

— air defense technical center

— air defense training center

— Air Defense Weapons center

— air defense zone operations center

— air direction center

— Air Force Armament center

— Air Force combat intelligence center

— Air Force Cryptologic Support center

— Air Force Engineering and Services center

— Air Force Inspection and Safety center

— Air Force Intelligence center

— Air Force Legal Services center

— Air Force Manpower and Personnel center

— Air Force Medical Service center

— Air Force Missile Development center

— Air Force Service Information and News center

— Air Force Space and Missile Test center

— Air Force Special Forces center

— Air Force Special Weapons center

— Air Force tactical center

— Air Force technical training center

— Air Force Test and Evaluation center

— air logistics coordination center

— air reconnaissance control center

— air rescue control center

— air rescue coordination center

— Air Reserve Personnel center

— air route traffic control center

— air safety center

— air situation information collecting and warning center

— air support operations center

— air tactical operations center

— air training center

— airborne control center

— airborne direct air support center

— airborne launch control center

— airborne operations center

— airborne signal center

— aircraft control center

— airfield center

— air-ground weather center

— airhead air traffic coordination center

— airlift control center

— airlift coordination center

— alert center

— alert defense center

— Allied Command Operations center

— Allied Press Information center

— Allied Sector Operations center

— Allied Signal Training center

— Allied Tactical Air Force command center

— Allied Tactical Operations center

— all-sources intelligence center

— alternate joint communications center

— Alternate National Military Command center

— alternate signal center

— amphibious control center

— amphibious training center

— analysis center

— aquatic training center

— Arctic Test center

— Arctic Training center

— Arctic-Desert Tropic Information center

— area combined movements center

— area communications center

— area control center

— area damage control center

— area security coordination center

— area signal center

— arm training center

— armament and combat vehicle center

— Armament Development and Test center

— Armament Maintenance Management Information center

— Armed Forces Command center

— Armed Forces Recreation center

— Armed Forces Reserve center

— Army Administration center

— Army BM Defense Advanced Research center

— Army BM Defense Advanced Technology center

— Army center of Military History

— Army Foreign Science and Technology center

— Army Intelligence center

— Army Logistics Management center

— Army Medical Materiel center

— Army Missile and Munitions center and School

— Army Missile Development center

— Army Missile Test center

— Army Mobility Research center

— Army Ordnance center and School

— Army Pacific Area Documentation center

— Army Photo center

— Army photographic interpretation center

— Army Regional Medical center

— Army Reserve Components Personnel and Administration center

— Army Security Assistance center

— Army tactical operations center

— Army Youth Selection center

— artillery direction center

— assessment center

— attack center

— automated mobile air defense center

— automatic data processing service center

— automatic data processing training center

— automatic data service center

— automatic digital message switching center

— automatic switching center

— aviation maintenance center

— base defense operations center

— base operations center

— basic training center

— battalion fire distribution center

— battalion maintenance center

— battalion operations center

— battery center

— battle simulation center

— battlefield information coordination center

— battlefield intelligence coordination center

— battlefield surveillance center

— BM Defense Research center

— BM Radiation Analysis center

— BM training center

— branch training center

— briefing center

— burst center

— burst error center

— C center

— C Technical center

— casualty reception center

— center for Communications Sciences

— center for Defense Information

— center for Disarmament

— center for Naval Analysis

— center for Strategic and International Studies

— center of combat

— center of impact

— center of mass

— center of resistance

— central stock control center

— central warning center

— channel and message switching center

— CIA Operations center

— CIA regional center

— civic center

— civil emergency operations center

— civilian internee information center

— Civilian Personnel center

— classification and reclamation center

— classified message center

— close air support center

— clothing exchange center

— coast spotting center

— code center

— cold regions test center

— cold weather training center

— collecting center

— combat control center

— combat crew replacement center

— combat development and test center

— combat development experimental center

— combat development experimentation center

— combat employment development center

— combat information center

— combat operations center

— combat support training center

— combat training center

— combined arms center

— combined arms simulation center

— combined arms training center

— command and operations center

— command center

— command operations center

— command signal center

— communications center

— communications centers operation control center

— communications monitoring center

— communications security center

— communications switching center

— communications system control center

— communications system planning center

— communications technical control center

— communications-electronics center

— community services center

— computation center

— computer-assisted designing equipment center

— computerized intelligence collection center

— construction supply center

— contamination center

— control and reporting center

— control center

— control communications center

— coordinating center

— coordination center

— coordination computer center

— corps press information center

— counterair operations center

— counterintelligence center

— counterintelligence interrogation center

— crisis relocation center

— critical logistics center

— cryptographic center

— cultural information analysis center

— damage assessment center

— damage control center

— decontamination center

— deep underground command center

— defense center

— Defense Clothing and Textile Supply center

— Defense Communications Agency Operations center

— Defense Communications Engineering center

— Defense Construction Supply center

— Defense Documentation center

— Defense Electronics Supply center

— Defense Fuel Supply center

— Defense Industrial Plant Equipment center

— Defense Industrial Supply center

— Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace center

— Defense Mapping Agency Topographic center

— Defense Medical Supply center

— Defense Personnel Support center

— Defense Problems Information center

— Defense Security Clearance center

— Defense Supply center

— deployment control center

— desert training center

— design center

— detailed interrogation center

— detention center

— development center

— direct air support center

— direction center

— Disciplinary Correction center

— disciplinary training center

— dispersion center

— distribution center

— district air support center

— district HQ command center

— doctrinal center

— documentation center

— drill center

— drone control center

— educational center

— electromagnetic compatibility analysis center

— electronic data processing center

— electronic data transmission control center

— electronic intelligence center

— electronics supply center

— emergency control center

— emergency decontamination center

— emergency operations center

— engineer replacement training center

— Enlisted Evaluation center

— Enlisted Records and Evaluation center

— entertainment center

— environment prediction center

— equipment depot center

— Euro Training center

— European Defense Analysis center

— evacuation center

— evaluation center

— EW coordination center

— EW intelligence operations center

— experimental engineer construction center

— experimentation center

— exploitation center

— explosive ordnance disposal coordination center

— FA tactical operations center

— family and community center

— family life center

— family welcome center

— Federal contract research center

— federal emergency operating center

— Federal Warning center

— Field Army tactical operations center

— field maintenance center

— fighter control center

— finance center

— fire control center

— fire direction center

— fire distribution center

— fire section center

— fire-support control center

— fire-support coordination center

— first-aid decontamination center

— fixed communications center

— Fleet Analysis center

— Fleet Anti-Air Warfare center

— Fleet Anti-Air Weapon Training center

— Fleet BM center

— Fleet Combat Training center

— Fleet Command center

— Fleet Loading center

— flight communications center

— flight control center

— flight coordination center

— food service center

— foreign military aid training center

— foreign military assistance training center

— foreign science and technology center

— fortified center

— fortified signal center

— forward area communications center

— forward area signal center

— forward communications center

— forward direction center

— forward electrical/electronic service center

— forward signal center

— general development center

— general support center

— general technical support center

— geodetic survey information center

— ground support equipment center

— guided weapon center

— helicopter direction center

— helicopter logistic support center

— High Energy Laser center

— Home Town News center

— human resources research center

— imagery interpretation center

— imagination center

— indoctrination center

— industrial supply center

— infantry training center

— infiltration surveillance center

— information center

— information computer center

— information mapping center

— initial training center

— in-out processing center

— integrated operational intelligence center

— intelligence and operational information collection center

— intelligence center

— intelligence fusion center

— intelligence information center

— intelligence operations center

— intelligence processing and evaluation center

— intelligence threat analysis center

— interrogation center

— inventory control center

— joint air-photo center

— Joint Army-Navy Information center

— joint command operations' center

— joint EW center

— joint nuclear accidents coordinating center

— joint operations center

— joint operations integrated center

— Joint Reconnaissance center

— Joint Refugee Operations center

— joint search and rescue center

— jump tactical operations center

— jungle operations training center

— jungle warfare training center

— labor supervision center

— Land Warfare center

— land-based signal monitoring center

— Landing Force Training center

— landing zone control center

— Leadership and Management Development center

— learning resource center

— Library Service center

— logistical center

— logistical operations center

— logistics communications center

— logistics coordinating center

— logistics readiness center

— logistics services center

— logistics support operations center

— main command center

— Main Naval Communications center

— main signal center

— maintenance center

— maintenance control center

— maintenance management center

— major development center

— management center

— map distribution center

— Marine Corps Air Ground Intelligence center

— Marine Corps Air/Ground Combat Training center

— Marine Corps Development center

— Marine Corps Emergency Operations center

— Marine Corps Landing Force Development center

— market center

— material and maintenance control center

— material management center

— Materials and Mechanics Research center

— materials information center

— materiel maintenance center

— medical control center

— medical hospital center

— medical training center

— message center

— message processing center

— metrology and calibration center

— military aircraft storage and disposition center

— military center

— military corrective training center

— military intelligence detachment communications center

— Military Intelligence Unit Training center

— Military Personnel center

— military personnel records center

— military R & D center

— military service propaganda center

— military space surveillance center

— military subsistence market center

— missile and munitions center

— missile center

— missile defense center

— missile development center

— missile operations center

— missile space center

— missile warning center

— mobile air combat operations center

— mobile communications center

— mobile computation center

— mobile ground combat information center

— mobile signal center

— Mobility Equipment R&D center

— mobilization center

— mock center

— modification center

— mortar-fire control center

— mortar-fire direction center

— motor transport center

— movement control center

— movement report control center

— MP training center

— multinational nuclear fuel cycle center

— multiservice center

— National Assessment center

— National Bidders Control center

— National Civil Defense Warning center

— National Command center

— National Communications System Operations center

— National Damage Assessment center

— National Defense Communications Control center

— National Foreign Information Assessment center

— National Indications center

— National Intelligence Objectives center

— National Internal Defense Coordination center

— National Military Command center

— National Military Communications center

— National Military Intelligence center

— National Naval Medical center

— National Personnel Records center

— National Photographic Interpretation center

— National SIGINT Operations center

— National Space Surveillance Control center

— National Training center

— NATO Maintenance Supply Service center

— NATO Supply center

— Naval Air Missile center

— Naval Air Propulsion Test center

— Naval Command center

— naval gunfire operation center

— Naval Intelligence Support center

— Naval Missile center

— Naval Surface Weapons center

— Naval Training Equipment center

— Naval Undersea Warfare center

— NBC collection center

— NBC control center

— NBC information collection center

— NBC sub-collection center

— network control center

— night observation device information analysis center

— nodal communication center

— North American Air Defense Combat Operations center

— Northern Warfare Training center

— nuclear fuel cycle center

— nuclear production center

— nuclear weapons training center

— officer evaluation center

— officer evaluations training center

— operational center

— operational tactical control center

— operations control center

— ordnance center

— ordnance test center

— overseas replacement center

— over-the-counter message center

— pathfinder control center

— Personnel and Administration center

— personnel data center

— personnel management center

— personnel operations center

— personnel records center

— personnel recovery center

— planning center

— post concentration center

— premission briefing center

— printing and publications center

— prisoner interrogation center

— prisoner of war/civilian internee center

— programming and trainmg center

— programming center

— public works center

— PW exploitation center

— PW information center

— radar direction center

— radar information processing center

— radiation analysis center

— radio reception center

— radio teletype message center

— radio transmission center

— radiological center

— range center

— rear area combat operations center

— rear area information/intelligence center

— rear security control center

— rear switching center

— reassignment center

— recreational services support center

— recruit training center

— recruiting center

— referral center

— regional control center

— regional operations center

— rehabilitation training center

— relay communications center

— religious retreat center

— relocation center

— remote area conflict information center

— report center

— Reserve Components Personnel and Administration center

— reserve training center

— resource control center

— rest center

— restructured general support center

— retraining center

— rural civilian defense center

— salvage center

— SAM coordinate center

— secured communications center

— Security Assistance Accounting center

— security clearance center

— seismic array analysis center

— semi-automatic ground environment manual control center

— service center

— service operations center

— SHAPE Alternate Command center

— SHAPE Data Retrieval center

— signal center

— signal technical control center

— simulation center

— skill development center

— soft launch control center

— soldier support center

— Sonar Research center

— Space Computation center

— space defense center

— Space Defense Operations center

— space operations center

— space support center

— Space Technology center

— special air warfare center

— special communications center

— Special Forces Support center

— special treatment center

— special warfare center

— special weapons center

— special weapons operations center

— specialist training center

— standards information center

— standby center

— standby local early warning and control center

— stationary signal center

— stock control center

— Strategic and International Studies center

— strategic center of gravity

— strategic concepts development center

— strategic planning center

— subcollection center

— supply center

— supporting arms coordinating center

— supporting signal center

— surveillance center

— survey information center

— switching center

— systems operation center

— Tactical Air Combat Employment center

— tactical air command center

— tactical air control center

— tactical air coordination center

— tactical air direction center

— tactical air operations center

— tactical air reconnaissance center

— tactical air support center

— tactical air warfare center

— tactical aircraft forward direction center

— tactical airlift center

— tactical army operations center

— tactical aviation warning and control center

— tactical control center

— tactical flag command center

— tactical intelligence center

— tactical operations center

— tactical support center

— tactical unit operations center

— Tactical Warfare center

— tactical weapons guidance and control information and analysis center

— target information center

— target processing center

— targeting center

— technical application center

— technical checkup center

— technical intelligence center

— technical training center

— telecommunications center

— teletypewriter relay center

— teletypewriter switching center

— test center

— theater joint operations center

— training aids support center

— training and experimental center

— Training center and Air Defense School

— Training center and Army Security Agency School

— Training center and Military Intelligence School

— Training center and Ordnance and Chemical School

— training center

— trajectory center

— transport aviation combat employment development center

— transport control center

— transportation and movements control center

— Tropic Test center

— tropospheric communications center

— trunk switching center

— UN center for Disarmament

— underwater situation evaluation center

— urban center

— vacation center

— vehicle maintenance center

— vehicle-based mobile signal center

— vehicle-collecting center

— vocational training center

— warning center

— weapon systems programs center

— weapon training center

— weapons information and analysis center

— weapons monitoring center

— weapons systems management center

— wheeled vehicle maintenance center

— winter warfare training center

— wire distribution center

English-Russian military dictionary > center
8 MS

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Mad Scientist, hum. сокр. Mass Spectrometry, множественный склероз

2) Компьютерная техника: Master Slave, Memory Scrubbing, Message Size, Morphy Synthesis, Multiple Stream, Munter System, memory stick, карта памяти

3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta

4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)

5) Американизм: Mail Slot

6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina

7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support

8) Техника: Metal Spiral, Mid Side, magnetic semiconductor, mass splitting, maximum security, mean-square, medium shot, medium strong, message, microsphere, microspheric, mid-shot, midcourse surveillance, mitigation system, moisture separator, more significant, multispectral scanner, обозначение для судовых радиостанций

9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping

10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit

11) Химия: Mooney scorch, medium solid (со средним содержанием твёрдых веществ)

12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)

13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit

14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere

15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated

16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript

17) Бухгалтерия: Money Supply, milestone (научно-исследовательской работы)

18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star

19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species

20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum

21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)

22) Музыка: Musical Similarities

23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service

24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series

25) Университет: Meet Students

26) Физика: Mean Squared, Microphotography Standard, Multi State, Multiple Surface

27) Физиология: Mainstream Smoke, Many Symptoms, Menstrual Syndrome, Minor Surgery, Missing Sense, Morphine Sulphate

28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство

29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)

30) Стоматология: механически обработанная поверхность имплантата

31) Транспорт: Multi Speed

32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft

33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия

34) Фирменный знак: Marks And Spencers, Micro- Switch, Microsoft Systems, Mortgage Servicer

35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)

36) СМИ: Math-Science Quest for Solutions, Movie Star, Movie Stills

37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy

38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)

39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)

40) Образование: Millennial Star, ученая степень, Магистр наук. (сокращение от Master of Science)

41) Сетевые технологии: Merchant Server, Microsoft, magnetic storage, main storage, management services, management system, message server, message store

42) Полимеры: margin of safety, maximum stress, medium-soft, mediumshock, metric system, mild steel, molar substitution

43) Автоматика: manufacturing system, mounting surface, move and stop

44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification

45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner

46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry

47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system

48) Макаров: multiple scattering

49) Безопасность: Malicious System

50) Расширение файла: Formatted manual page with Microsoft macros, Microsecond, Microsoft Corporation, Modula-3 Intermediate assembly file, Microsoft antivirus report (MSAV), Worksheet (Maple)

51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding

52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch

53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber

54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships

55) Должность: Management Systems, Mathematical Sciences, Mean Salary, Multidisciplinary Studies

56) Чат: Mighty Special

57) Правительство: Mid South

58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software

59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State

60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing

61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds

62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MS
9 Ms

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Mad Scientist, hum. сокр. Mass Spectrometry, множественный склероз

2) Компьютерная техника: Master Slave, Memory Scrubbing, Message Size, Morphy Synthesis, Multiple Stream, Munter System, memory stick, карта памяти

3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta

4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)

5) Американизм: Mail Slot

6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina

7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support

8) Техника: Metal Spiral, Mid Side, magnetic semiconductor, mass splitting, maximum security, mean-square, medium shot, medium strong, message, microsphere, microspheric, mid-shot, midcourse surveillance, mitigation system, moisture separator, more significant, multispectral scanner, обозначение для судовых радиостанций

9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping

10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit

11) Химия: Mooney scorch, medium solid (со средним содержанием твёрдых веществ)

12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)

13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit

14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere

15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated

16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript

17) Бухгалтерия: Money Supply, milestone (научно-исследовательской работы)

18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star

19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species

20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum

21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)

22) Музыка: Musical Similarities

23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service

24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series

25) Университет: Meet Students

26) Физика: Mean Squared, Microphotography Standard, Multi State, Multiple Surface

27) Физиология: Mainstream Smoke, Many Symptoms, Menstrual Syndrome, Minor Surgery, Missing Sense, Morphine Sulphate

28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство

29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)

30) Стоматология: механически обработанная поверхность имплантата

31) Транспорт: Multi Speed

32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft

33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия

34) Фирменный знак: Marks And Spencers, Micro- Switch, Microsoft Systems, Mortgage Servicer

35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)

36) СМИ: Math-Science Quest for Solutions, Movie Star, Movie Stills

37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy

38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)

39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)

40) Образование: Millennial Star, ученая степень, Магистр наук. (сокращение от Master of Science)

41) Сетевые технологии: Merchant Server, Microsoft, magnetic storage, main storage, management services, management system, message server, message store

42) Полимеры: margin of safety, maximum stress, medium-soft, mediumshock, metric system, mild steel, molar substitution

43) Автоматика: manufacturing system, mounting surface, move and stop

44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification

45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner

46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry

47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system

48) Макаров: multiple scattering

49) Безопасность: Malicious System

50) Расширение файла: Formatted manual page with Microsoft macros, Microsecond, Microsoft Corporation, Modula-3 Intermediate assembly file, Microsoft antivirus report (MSAV), Worksheet (Maple)

51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding

52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch

53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber

54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships

55) Должность: Management Systems, Mathematical Sciences, Mean Salary, Multidisciplinary Studies

56) Чат: Mighty Special

57) Правительство: Mid South

58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software

59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State

60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing

61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds

62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Ms
10 mS

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Mad Scientist, hum. сокр. Mass Spectrometry, множественный склероз

2) Компьютерная техника: Master Slave, Memory Scrubbing, Message Size, Morphy Synthesis, Multiple Stream, Munter System, memory stick, карта памяти

3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta

4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)

5) Американизм: Mail Slot

6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina

7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support

8) Техника: Metal Spiral, Mid Side, magnetic semiconductor, mass splitting, maximum security, mean-square, medium shot, medium strong, message, microsphere, microspheric, mid-shot, midcourse surveillance, mitigation system, moisture separator, more significant, multispectral scanner, обозначение для судовых радиостанций

9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping

10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit

11) Химия: Mooney scorch, medium solid (со средним содержанием твёрдых веществ)

12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)

13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit

14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere

15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated

16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript

17) Бухгалтерия: Money Supply, milestone (научно-исследовательской работы)

18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star

19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species

20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum

21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)

22) Музыка: Musical Similarities

23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service

24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series

25) Университет: Meet Students

26) Физика: Mean Squared, Microphotography Standard, Multi State, Multiple Surface

27) Физиология: Mainstream Smoke, Many Symptoms, Menstrual Syndrome, Minor Surgery, Missing Sense, Morphine Sulphate

28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство

29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)

30) Стоматология: механически обработанная поверхность имплантата

31) Транспорт: Multi Speed

32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft

33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия

34) Фирменный знак: Marks And Spencers, Micro- Switch, Microsoft Systems, Mortgage Servicer

35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)

36) СМИ: Math-Science Quest for Solutions, Movie Star, Movie Stills

37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy

38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)

39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)

40) Образование: Millennial Star, ученая степень, Магистр наук. (сокращение от Master of Science)

41) Сетевые технологии: Merchant Server, Microsoft, magnetic storage, main storage, management services, management system, message server, message store

42) Полимеры: margin of safety, maximum stress, medium-soft, mediumshock, metric system, mild steel, molar substitution

43) Автоматика: manufacturing system, mounting surface, move and stop

44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification

45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner

46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry

47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system

48) Макаров: multiple scattering

49) Безопасность: Malicious System

50) Расширение файла: Formatted manual page with Microsoft macros, Microsecond, Microsoft Corporation, Modula-3 Intermediate assembly file, Microsoft antivirus report (MSAV), Worksheet (Maple)

51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding

52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch

53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber

54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships

55) Должность: Management Systems, Mathematical Sciences, Mean Salary, Multidisciplinary Studies

56) Чат: Mighty Special

57) Правительство: Mid South

58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software

59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State

60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing

61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds

62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mS
11 ms

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Mad Scientist, hum. сокр. Mass Spectrometry, множественный склероз

2) Компьютерная техника: Master Slave, Memory Scrubbing, Message Size, Morphy Synthesis, Multiple Stream, Munter System, memory stick, карта памяти

3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta

4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)

5) Американизм: Mail Slot

6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina

7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support

8) Техника: Metal Spiral, Mid Side, magnetic semiconductor, mass splitting, maximum security, mean-square, medium shot, medium strong, message, microsphere, microspheric, mid-shot, midcourse surveillance, mitigation system, moisture separator, more significant, multispectral scanner, обозначение для судовых радиостанций

9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping

10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit

11) Химия: Mooney scorch, medium solid (со средним содержанием твёрдых веществ)

12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)

13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit

14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere

15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated

16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript

17) Бухгалтерия: Money Supply, milestone (научно-исследовательской работы)

18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star

19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species

20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum

21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)

22) Музыка: Musical Similarities

23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service

24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series

25) Университет: Meet Students

26) Физика: Mean Squared, Microphotography Standard, Multi State, Multiple Surface

27) Физиология: Mainstream Smoke, Many Symptoms, Menstrual Syndrome, Minor Surgery, Missing Sense, Morphine Sulphate

28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство

29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)

30) Стоматология: механически обработанная поверхность имплантата

31) Транспорт: Multi Speed

32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft

33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия

34) Фирменный знак: Marks And Spencers, Micro- Switch, Microsoft Systems, Mortgage Servicer

35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)

36) СМИ: Math-Science Quest for Solutions, Movie Star, Movie Stills

37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy

38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)

39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)

40) Образование: Millennial Star, ученая степень, Магистр наук. (сокращение от Master of Science)

41) Сетевые технологии: Merchant Server, Microsoft, magnetic storage, main storage, management services, management system, message server, message store

42) Полимеры: margin of safety, maximum stress, medium-soft, mediumshock, metric system, mild steel, molar substitution

43) Автоматика: manufacturing system, mounting surface, move and stop

44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification

45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner

46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry

47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system

48) Макаров: multiple scattering

49) Безопасность: Malicious System

50) Расширение файла: Formatted manual page with Microsoft macros, Microsecond, Microsoft Corporation, Modula-3 Intermediate assembly file, Microsoft antivirus report (MSAV), Worksheet (Maple)

51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding

52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch

53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber

54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships

55) Должность: Management Systems, Mathematical Sciences, Mean Salary, Multidisciplinary Studies

56) Чат: Mighty Special

57) Правительство: Mid South

58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software

59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State

60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing

61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds

62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ms
12 unit

организационная единица; боевая единица (напр. корабль, ЛА танк); подразделение; часть; соединение; расчетно-снабженческая единица; секция; орган; элемент; комплект; агрегат; установка; см. тж. element

bath(ing) and clothing unit — банно-прачечное подразделение

bulk petrol (transport) unit — Бр. часть [подразделение] подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего

counter C3 unit — часть [подразделение] подавления системы оперативного управления и связи

Fleet Marine (Corps) reconnaissance unit — разведывательное подразделение [часть] флотских сил МП

multisensor (AA) firing unit 3PK — с приборным комплексом из нескольких систем обнаружения и сопровождения

photo (graphic) reconnaissance unit — фоторазведывательная часть [подразделение]

surface-launched unit, fuel air explosive — установка дистанционного разминирования объемным взрывом

surface-launched unit, mine — установка дистанционного минирования

tactical (air) control unit — часть [подразделение] управления ТА

war (time) strength (TOE) unit — часть, укомплектованная по штатам военного времени

— absorbed dose unit

— accounting unit

— activate a unit

— active filter unit

— active filtration unit

— active unit

— active-duty combat unit

— ad hoc unit

— adjoining unit

— administrative unit

— advanced infantry training/one-station unit training unit

— advanced marksmanship unit

— advanced training unit

— aerial delivery unit

— aerial surveillance unit

— aeromedical evacuation unit

— aeromedical staging unit

— affected unit

— affiliated unit

— afloat-based unit

— agent detector unit

— aggressor unit

— air base service unit

— air cavalry unit

— air defense unit

— air dispatch unit

— Air Force ground-based defence units

— air intelligence liaison unit

— air mission unit

— air photograph interpretation unit

— air portable unit

— air reserve unit

— air staging unit

— air transportable unit

— air transported unit

— air unit

— airborne unit

— aircraft delivery unit

— airmobile assault unit

— airmobile engineer unit

— airmobile motorcycle scout unit

— airmobile unit

— air-support control unit

— air-support signal unit

— air-support training unit

— all-jump unit

— all-tank unit

— ammunition dummy unit

— ammunition renovation unit

— ammunition unit

— amphibious beach unit

— amphibious training unit

— amphibious unit

— anti-intrusion alarm unit

— antisubmarine air search attack unit

— area service unit

— arming and destruct unit

— armor human research unit

— armored combat unit

— armored unit

— armor-heavy unit

— armoured reconnaissance unit

— armoured recovery unit

— Army Aeromedical Research unit

— Army Air Corps unit

— Army Aviation Trials unit

— artillery meteorological unit

— ASA unit

— assault aircraft unit

— assault craft unit

— assault phase firing unit

— assault shipping naval unit

— assault supporting naval unit

— assigned unit

— atomic demolition unit

— attached unit

— attitude reference unit

— augment a unit

— augmentation unit

— automatic laying control unit

— auxiliary beach signal unit

— auxiliary power unit

— auxiliary propulsion unit

— aviation survey unit

— aviation transportation unit

— aviation unit

— azimuth orientation unit

— backpack unit

— backup contingency unit

— backup support unit

— backup unit

— balanced unit

— base development unit

— base unit

— basic tactical unit

— basic unit

— bathing unit

— battalion-size unit

— battery computer unit

— battery display unit

— battle unit

— battlefield illumination unit

— beach defense unit

— beach jumper unit

— beach lighterage unit

— beach signal unit

— beachmaster unit

— blood supply unit

— BM unit

— boat unit

— bobtailed unit

— bomb dispenser unit

— bomb disposal unit

— bomb dummy unit

— bomb live unit

— bomb load unit

— bomb unit

— border operation unit

— branch composite unit

— bridge unit

— bus control unit

— cadet unit

— cadre unit

— cannon unit

— car unit

— care-taker unit

— carrier air unit

— carrier aircraft service unit

— carrier unit

— casual unit

— casualty air evacuation unit

— casualty-holding unit

— casualty-staging unit

— category I direct combat unit

— category I unit

— category II unit

— category III unit

— cavalry unit

— cavity unit

— central alarm unit

— central interpretation unit

— ceremonial drill unit

— chaff unit

— charging unit

— chemical decontaminating unit

— chemical processing unit

— chemical service unit

— chemical smoke generator unit

— chemical warfare unit

— cipher unit

— circuit switching unit

— civil affairs administration/military government unit

— civil affairs unit

— civil disturbance control unit

— civilian service unit

— clearing unit

— cluster bomb unit

— collecting and staging unit

— color-bearing unit

— combat air force units

— combat airlift support unit

— combat cargo air unit

— combat cargo unit

— combat construction unit

— combat effective unit

— combat engineer unit

— combat ineffective unit

— combat maneuver unit

— combat service support unit

— combat support unit

— combat train unit

— combat training unit

— combat unit

— combined diesel/gas turbine unit

— combined gas turbine/gas turbine propulsion unit

— combined-arms unit

— command destruct unit

— commando assault unit

— commission into a unit

— committed unit

— communications message traffic control unit

— communications unit

— companion unit

— composite unit

— construction unit

— container bomb unit

— continental US-based European reinforcing unit

— conventional unit

— conversion unit

— corps units

— counterguerilla unit

— counterinsurgency unit

— criminal investigations unit

— customer unit

— cut-off a unit

— data processing unit

— deactivate a unit

— defensive unit

— degassing unit

— delivery unit

— demining unit

— demonstration unit

— deploy a unit "two up"

— deployment capability improvement unit

— depot support unit

— detached unit

— develop a unit

— development unit

— dinner unit

— direct operational support unit

— direct reporting unit

— direct-support unit

— divisional units

— docks operating unit

— double-based units

— drill unit

— drinking-water treatment unit

— dry unit

— dual-based units

— economy-of-force unit

— education unit

— effective unit

— electrically energized stream-of-water projector backpack unit

— electromagnetic transmission control unit

— electronics research unit

— elite unit

— emergency communications unit

— emergency medical care unit

— emergency medical treatment unit

— emergency recovery unit

— encryption unit

— engineer amphibious unit

— engineer bridge unit

— engineer camouflage unit

— engineer construction unit

— engineer damage control unit

— engineer parachute unit

— engineer reconnaissance unit

— equipment holding unit

— EW unit

— executing unit

— explosive ordnance disposal unit

— fallout survey unit

— ferry service unit

— field bath unit

— field exchange unit

— field laundry unit

— field postal unit

— field storage unit

— field surgical unit

— field training unit

— fighter control unit

— fighting unit

— fill out a unit

— fill up a unit

— filter unit

— filtration unit

— finance disbursing unit

— fire control simulation unit

— fire control unit

— fire delivery unit

— fire support delivery unit

— fire-fighting unit

— first production unit

— first training unit

— fixed TOE unit

— fixed unit

— flag-bearing unit

— flame thrower service unit

— flame thrower unit

— flash generator unit

— flexible unit

— flying training unit

— flying unit

— force troops unit

— forward observer target survey unit

— forward unit

— front-line unit

— fuel servicing unit

— full TOE unit

— full-strength unit

— gaining unit

— garrison unit

— gas-particles filter unit

— general construction unit

— general recruiting unit

— general service unit

— general support unit

— ghost unit

— glide bomb unit

— GM service unit

— GM unit

— graves control unit

— graves registration unit

— ground surveillance unit

— guards parachute regimental unit

— guards unit

— guidance control unit

— guided bomb unit

— gun aircraft unit

— handle a unit

— hard-core unit

— hauling unit

— heavy large unit

— heavy maintenance unit

— heliborne unit

— helicopter ambulance unit

— holding unit

— home defence unit

— Home Defense unit

— honeycomb guide unit

— hospital augmentation unit

— host country unit

— hosted unit

— HQ & HQ unit

— HQ field press censorship unit

— HQ unit

— human research unit

— hydraulic system test and repair unit

— hydro-volume steering unit

— identify a unit

— immunizing unit

— incendiary bomb load unit

— incendiary oil mixing and transfer unit

— incoming unit

— independent unit

— infantry unit

— infectious unit

— Information Systems unit

— insert units into an objective

— inshore undersea warfare attack unit

— inshore undersea warfare surveillance unit

— instruction unit

— integrated sight unit

— Intelligence Corps unit

— intelligence field unit

— interchange units

— interior unit

— intermediate maintenance support unit

— interrogation and captured documents unit

— interrogation unit

— ion change water purification unit

— IR-aiming unit

— IR-communications unit

— IR-detection unit

— isolated unit

— issuing unit

— joint FAC training and standards unit

— jungle expert unit

— junior infantry unit

— junior leaders' unit

— Junior ROTC unit

— junior training unit

— knapsack-pack water filter unit

— labor service unit

— labor supervision unit

— land-based missile unit

— landing craft recovery unit

— landing craft repair unit

— landing obstruction clearing unit

— large unit

— laser communications field unit

— launch command cable lines switching unit

— launcher-fire control system interface unit

— laying unit

— leadership human research unit

— leaflet unit

— lean unit

— liaison unit

— light airborne armored unit

— light armored unit

— light maintenance unit

— line replaceable unit

— live unit

— load aircraft unit

— logistics support unit

— long-range patrol unit

— losing unit

— loudspeaker unit

— main battle area unit

— major unit

— man a unit

— manned maneuvering unit

— manning unit

— manpack radio unit

— map making unit

— mapping unit

— march unit

— Marine amphibious unit

— Marine expeditionary unit

— Marine training unit

— marksmanship training unit

— master augmentation unit

— material handling unit

— mechanized infantry unit

— mechanized-heavy unit

— medical holding unit

— medical research team unit

— medium maintenance unit

— meritorious unit

— messing unit

— military government unit

— military intelligence unit

— military line of communications unit

— military unit

— militia unit

— mine watcher unit

— miniature solar energy unit

— minor unit

— missile countermeasures unit

— missile firing unit

— missile service unit

— missile technical unit

— missile training unit

— missile-armed unit

— mixed air defense unit

— mixed unit

— mobile ammunition evaluation and reconditioning unit

— mobile bath unit

— mobile floating assault bridge/ferry unit

— mobile inspection unit

— mobile laundry unit

— mobile loudspeaker unit

— mobile low-level reporting and control unit

— mobile obstacle unit

— mobile radio unit

— mobile surgical unit

— mobile technical unit

— mobile training unit

— mobile unit

— modular unit

— mortar unit

— motorized infantry unit

— motorized unit

— multipurpose hospital unit

— munition dummy unit

— munitions maintenance unit

— muster a unit

— naval air unit

— naval beach unit

— naval build-up unit

— nonactive military unit

— non-APC unit

— nonconstituted unit

— nondeploying reserve component unit

— nondivisional service support unit

— nondivisional units

— nonflag-bearing unit

— nonflexible unit

— nonflying combat unit

— nonmanning unit

— nonnuclear cannon FA unit

— nonorganic supporting unit

— nonrifle unit

— nonscheduled unit

— nontactical unit

— not-ready unit

— nuclear cannon FA unit

— nuclear delivery unit

— nuclear fire unit

— nuclear weapon carrier unit

— nuclear weapon custodial unit

— nuclear weapon unit

— nuclear weapons maintenance unit

— nuclear-capable fire unit

— numbered unit

— offensive unit

— officer cadet training unit

— officer candidate training unit

— officer files unit

— off-line cipher unit

— on-line cipher unit

— on-order unit

— on-site unit

— operating unit

— operational conversion unit

— operational training unit

— operational units

— operationally ready unit

— optronic tracking unit

— ordnance disposal unit

— organic supporting unit

— organized unit

— original unit

— other ranks training unit

— outgoing unit

— out-of-sector unit

— parachute unit

— para-commando unit

— paramilitary unit

— parent unit

— passive filter unit

— passive filtration unit

— penal unit

— petroleum supply unit

— pioneer unit

— place units to the flank of the enemy advanced elements

— place units to the rear of the enemy advanced elements

— pocket ciphering unit

— point unit

— pontoon bridge unit

— port operations unit

— postal and courier unit

— postal unit

— prelaunch operations sequence control unit

— propulsion unit

— provisional unit

— provost unit

— psychological operations unit

— pure unit

— QM unit

— quick-reaction alert unit

— quick-strike unit

— radar reporting unit

— radio research unit

— rail unit

— raise a unit

— Rangers unit

— reactivate a unit

— ready unit

— rear-based unit

— reception unit

— reconstitute a unit

— recovery unit

— reduced unit

— reduction unit

— regular line unit

— regular unit

— reinforcement holding unit

— reinforcing unit

— rejoin one's unit

— remote indication and control unit

— remote maneuvering unit

— replacement training unit

— replacement unit

— replenishment unit

— reported unit

— reserve augmentation unit

— reserve component affiliated unit

— reserve component unit

— reserve roundout unit

— restructured unit

— revert to the parent unit

— rifle unit

— road unit

— road-bound unit

— rocket artillery unit

— rocket countermeasures unit

— rocket launcher unit

— rotary screw water propulsion unit

— rotating unit

— rotational unit

— sabotage/ reconnaissance unit

— SAC strategic reconnaissance unit

— scale a unit

— screening unit

— screw water propulsion unit

— sea-based missile unit

— search-attack unit

— security assistance training unit

— self-contained back-packed unit

— self-contained unit

— self-destruction unit

— semi-active unit

— semimobile unit

— sequence firing unit

— service unit

— set-up unit

— sexually integrated unit

— shoot a unit

— shore installation protection unit

— short fall unit

— sideslip a unit

— sighting unit

— SIGINT unit

— signal recognition unit

— signal unit

— sister unit

— skeleton unit

— skeletonize a unit

— small battle unit

— small unit

— soil sterilizer unit

— solitary unit

— spearhead unit

— special ammunition service unit

— special intelligence/ EW unit

— special investigations unit

— special observation unit

— special training unit

— split unit

— sponsored unit

— squadron augment unit

— standby unit

— stay-behind unit

— strategic psychological operations unit

— strategic unit

— string out a unit

— strip away reconnaissance units from the main force

— strip units

— student unit

— subordinate unit

— superior unit

— supper unit

— supplemental unit

— supply and maintenance unit

— supply unit

— supported unit

— supporting unit

— surgical unit

— surveillance unit

— surveying unit

— suspension unit

— sustaining unit

— table of distribution and allowance unit

— tactical cover and deception unit

— tactical large unit

— tactical military intelligence unit

— tactical psychological operations unit

— tactical training support unit

— tank transport unit

— tank unit

— target acquisition unit

— task unit

— technical service unit

— television sight unit

— tenant unit

— theater level unit

— TOE unit

— topographic unit

— track water propulsion unit

— traffic regulation unit

— training marine ship detachment unit

— training unit

— transportation unit

— traversing unit

— troop unit

— truck transport unit

— umpire out a unit

— unconventional unit

— understrength unit

— unit in contact

— unit in infantry role

— unit of assignment

— unit of combined arms and services

— unit of credit

— unit of employment

— unit of equipment

— unit of fire

— unit of issue

— unit of origin

— unit under test

— units to round-out the active Army

— unmanned unit

— user unit

— using unit

— utility unit

— van unit

— vehicle tilt compensation unit

— vehicle-operating unit

— vehicular unit

— water propulsion unit

— water purification and distillation unit

— water purification unit

— water treatment unit

— weapon training unit

— weapons location unit

— weapons practice unit

— weapons unit

— wet unit

— wireless observer unit

— workshop unit

* * *

1) часть; 2) единица

English-Russian military dictionary > unit
13 ASA

1) Общая лексика: Air service agreements

2) Компьютерная техника: Animate Singular Agent

3) Авиация: Airborne Separation Assurance, all speed aileron, Autoland status annunciator.

4) Медицина: acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), Американское общество анестезиологов

5) Американизм: American Standards Authority, Assistant Secretary of the Army

6) Спорт: Aggressive Skater Association, Aggressive Skaters Association, All Softball Associations, Amateur Softball Association, American Sailing Association, American Softball Association, American Speed Association

7) Военный термин: Allied Swat Agents, Ammunition Storage Area, Ammunition Supply Activity, Army Sailing Association, Army Satellite Communications Agency, Army School of Ammunition, Army Security Agency, Army Signal Association, Army Space Agency, Army Strategic Appraisal, Army seal of approval, Assistant Secretary of the Army, ASAF, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil Works, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil-Military Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Financial Management, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Installations and Logistics, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Research and Development, Atomic Security Agency, advanced strike aircraft, advanced surveillance aircraft, advanced system avionics, area scanning alarm, army service area, automatic steerable antenna, automatic systems analysis, aviation supply annex, (M&RA)Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), (CW) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, (FM) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management, (I&L) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installation and Logistics

8) Техника: Army Satcom Agency, abort sensor assembly, adaptive search algorithm, amplifier and switch assembly, annular slot antenna, automatic speech analyzer, azimuth servo assembly

9) Сельское хозяйство: ammoniated superphosphoric acid

10) Шутливое выражение: American Superhero Association, Anarchy Strikes America, Angry Stache Alliance

11) Химия: Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

12) Математика: Angle Side Angle, Американская статистическая ассоциация (American Statistical Association)

13) Религия: All Saints Association

14) Страхование: American Surety Association, Associate in Society of Actuaries

15) Музыка: The Acoustical Society of America

16) Сокращение: Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Acoustical Society of America, Advanced Security Agency (USA), Advanced System Architecture, Aggiornamento del Sistema d'Arma (Weapon systems upgrade (Italy)), Air Security Agency, Amateur Swimming Association, American Sociological Association, American Statistical Association, American Surgical Association, Appropriate Superior Authority, Assistant Secretary of the Army (US Army), American Standard Association, Atomic Scientists' Association

17) Театр: Art Service Association

18) Университет: Adventist Students Association, African Students Association, Arizona Students Association, Art Scholarship Achievement, Asian Students Association

19) Физика: Accessible Surface Area, Apparent Strength Of Adhesion

20) Школьное выражение: Arizona School for the Arts

21) Вычислительная техника: Advanced SCSI Architecture (SCSI), American Standards Association (organization, USA, ANSI, Vorlaeufer), Американская ассоциация по стандартизации, Американская ассоциация программного обеспечения

22) Нефть: automatic spectrum analyzer, Американская ассоциация стандартов, Американская ассоциация стандартов (American Standards Association)

23) Иммунология: антиспермальные антитела

24) Космонавтика: Austrian Space Agency

25) Транспорт: Automotive Service Association

26) Фирменный знак: Advertising And Selling Association, American Spirit Arms

27) Экология: air stagnation advisories

28) Деловая лексика: Advertising Standards Authority, (сокр. от) Additional Services Authorization = разрешение (санкция) на дополнительные услуги

29) Бурение: Американская ассоциация по стандартам (American Standards Association)

30) Сетевые технологии: Active Server Application, Adaptive Server Anywhere, American Software Association, American Standards Association, Application Service Assurance, Automatic System Answer

31) Пластмассы: Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate, Poly (Acrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile)

32) Телефония: Average speed of answer

33) Общая лексика: air signal attenuator

34) Химическое оружие: automatic submerged arc, (FM) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management, (IL&E) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Logistics, and Environment, (RDA) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development, and Acquisition

35) Авиационная медицина: astronaut science advisor

36) Безопасность: Adaptive Security Algorithm, After Security Advisory, Комплексная проверка безопасности (Advanced Safety Audit)

37) Яхтенный спорт: Американское Самоа (Обозначения на парусах)

38) Общественная организация: American Scientific Association, American Security Association, Autism Society of America

39) Должность: Accredited Senior Appraiser, Alarm Systems Agent, Associate of the Society of Actuaries

40) Чат: As Soon As

41) NYSE. A S A, Ltd.

42) Аэропорты: Assab, Eritrea

43) НАСА: Australian Space Agency

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ASA
14 Asa

1) Общая лексика: Air service agreements

2) Компьютерная техника: Animate Singular Agent

3) Авиация: Airborne Separation Assurance, all speed aileron, Autoland status annunciator.

4) Медицина: acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), Американское общество анестезиологов

5) Американизм: American Standards Authority, Assistant Secretary of the Army

6) Спорт: Aggressive Skater Association, Aggressive Skaters Association, All Softball Associations, Amateur Softball Association, American Sailing Association, American Softball Association, American Speed Association

7) Военный термин: Allied Swat Agents, Ammunition Storage Area, Ammunition Supply Activity, Army Sailing Association, Army Satellite Communications Agency, Army School of Ammunition, Army Security Agency, Army Signal Association, Army Space Agency, Army Strategic Appraisal, Army seal of approval, Assistant Secretary of the Army, ASAF, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil Works, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil-Military Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Financial Management, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Installations and Logistics, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Research and Development, Atomic Security Agency, advanced strike aircraft, advanced surveillance aircraft, advanced system avionics, area scanning alarm, army service area, automatic steerable antenna, automatic systems analysis, aviation supply annex, (M&RA)Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), (CW) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, (FM) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management, (I&L) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installation and Logistics

8) Техника: Army Satcom Agency, abort sensor assembly, adaptive search algorithm, amplifier and switch assembly, annular slot antenna, automatic speech analyzer, azimuth servo assembly

9) Сельское хозяйство: ammoniated superphosphoric acid

10) Шутливое выражение: American Superhero Association, Anarchy Strikes America, Angry Stache Alliance

11) Химия: Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

12) Математика: Angle Side Angle, Американская статистическая ассоциация (American Statistical Association)

13) Религия: All Saints Association

14) Страхование: American Surety Association, Associate in Society of Actuaries

15) Музыка: The Acoustical Society of America

16) Сокращение: Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Acoustical Society of America, Advanced Security Agency (USA), Advanced System Architecture, Aggiornamento del Sistema d'Arma (Weapon systems upgrade (Italy)), Air Security Agency, Amateur Swimming Association, American Sociological Association, American Statistical Association, American Surgical Association, Appropriate Superior Authority, Assistant Secretary of the Army (US Army), American Standard Association, Atomic Scientists' Association

17) Театр: Art Service Association

18) Университет: Adventist Students Association, African Students Association, Arizona Students Association, Art Scholarship Achievement, Asian Students Association

19) Физика: Accessible Surface Area, Apparent Strength Of Adhesion

20) Школьное выражение: Arizona School for the Arts

21) Вычислительная техника: Advanced SCSI Architecture (SCSI), American Standards Association (organization, USA, ANSI, Vorlaeufer), Американская ассоциация по стандартизации, Американская ассоциация программного обеспечения

22) Нефть: automatic spectrum analyzer, Американская ассоциация стандартов, Американская ассоциация стандартов (American Standards Association)

23) Иммунология: антиспермальные антитела

24) Космонавтика: Austrian Space Agency

25) Транспорт: Automotive Service Association

26) Фирменный знак: Advertising And Selling Association, American Spirit Arms

27) Экология: air stagnation advisories

28) Деловая лексика: Advertising Standards Authority, (сокр. от) Additional Services Authorization = разрешение (санкция) на дополнительные услуги

29) Бурение: Американская ассоциация по стандартам (American Standards Association)

30) Сетевые технологии: Active Server Application, Adaptive Server Anywhere, American Software Association, American Standards Association, Application Service Assurance, Automatic System Answer

31) Пластмассы: Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate, Poly (Acrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile)

32) Телефония: Average speed of answer

33) Общая лексика: air signal attenuator

34) Химическое оружие: automatic submerged arc, (FM) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management, (IL&E) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Logistics, and Environment, (RDA) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development, and Acquisition

35) Авиационная медицина: astronaut science advisor

36) Безопасность: Adaptive Security Algorithm, After Security Advisory, Комплексная проверка безопасности (Advanced Safety Audit)

37) Яхтенный спорт: Американское Самоа (Обозначения на парусах)

38) Общественная организация: American Scientific Association, American Security Association, Autism Society of America

39) Должность: Accredited Senior Appraiser, Alarm Systems Agent, Associate of the Society of Actuaries

40) Чат: As Soon As

41) NYSE. A S A, Ltd.

42) Аэропорты: Assab, Eritrea

43) НАСА: Australian Space Agency

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Asa
15 asa

1) Общая лексика: Air service agreements

2) Компьютерная техника: Animate Singular Agent

3) Авиация: Airborne Separation Assurance, all speed aileron, Autoland status annunciator.

4) Медицина: acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), Американское общество анестезиологов

5) Американизм: American Standards Authority, Assistant Secretary of the Army

6) Спорт: Aggressive Skater Association, Aggressive Skaters Association, All Softball Associations, Amateur Softball Association, American Sailing Association, American Softball Association, American Speed Association

7) Военный термин: Allied Swat Agents, Ammunition Storage Area, Ammunition Supply Activity, Army Sailing Association, Army Satellite Communications Agency, Army School of Ammunition, Army Security Agency, Army Signal Association, Army Space Agency, Army Strategic Appraisal, Army seal of approval, Assistant Secretary of the Army, ASAF, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil Works, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil-Military Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Financial Management, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Installations and Logistics, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Army, Research and Development, Atomic Security Agency, advanced strike aircraft, advanced surveillance aircraft, advanced system avionics, area scanning alarm, army service area, automatic steerable antenna, automatic systems analysis, aviation supply annex, (M&RA)Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), (CW) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, (FM) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management, (I&L) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installation and Logistics

8) Техника: Army Satcom Agency, abort sensor assembly, adaptive search algorithm, amplifier and switch assembly, annular slot antenna, automatic speech analyzer, azimuth servo assembly

9) Сельское хозяйство: ammoniated superphosphoric acid

10) Шутливое выражение: American Superhero Association, Anarchy Strikes America, Angry Stache Alliance

11) Химия: Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

12) Математика: Angle Side Angle, Американская статистическая ассоциация (American Statistical Association)

13) Религия: All Saints Association

14) Страхование: American Surety Association, Associate in Society of Actuaries

15) Музыка: The Acoustical Society of America

16) Сокращение: Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Acoustical Society of America, Advanced Security Agency (USA), Advanced System Architecture, Aggiornamento del Sistema d'Arma (Weapon systems upgrade (Italy)), Air Security Agency, Amateur Swimming Association, American Sociological Association, American Statistical Association, American Surgical Association, Appropriate Superior Authority, Assistant Secretary of the Army (US Army), American Standard Association, Atomic Scientists' Association

17) Театр: Art Service Association

18) Университет: Adventist Students Association, African Students Association, Arizona Students Association, Art Scholarship Achievement, Asian Students Association

19) Физика: Accessible Surface Area, Apparent Strength Of Adhesion

20) Школьное выражение: Arizona School for the Arts

21) Вычислительная техника: Advanced SCSI Architecture (SCSI), American Standards Association (organization, USA, ANSI, Vorlaeufer), Американская ассоциация по стандартизации, Американская ассоциация программного обеспечения

22) Нефть: automatic spectrum analyzer, Американская ассоциация стандартов, Американская ассоциация стандартов (American Standards Association)

23) Иммунология: антиспермальные антитела

24) Космонавтика: Austrian Space Agency

25) Транспорт: Automotive Service Association

26) Фирменный знак: Advertising And Selling Association, American Spirit Arms

27) Экология: air stagnation advisories

28) Деловая лексика: Advertising Standards Authority, (сокр. от) Additional Services Authorization = разрешение (санкция) на дополнительные услуги

29) Бурение: Американская ассоциация по стандартам (American Standards Association)

30) Сетевые технологии: Active Server Application, Adaptive Server Anywhere, American Software Association, American Standards Association, Application Service Assurance, Automatic System Answer

31) Пластмассы: Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate, Poly (Acrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile)

32) Телефония: Average speed of answer

33) Общая лексика: air signal attenuator

34) Химическое оружие: automatic submerged arc, (FM) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management, (IL&E) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Logistics, and Environment, (RDA) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development, and Acquisition

35) Авиационная медицина: astronaut science advisor

36) Безопасность: Adaptive Security Algorithm, After Security Advisory, Комплексная проверка безопасности (Advanced Safety Audit)

37) Яхтенный спорт: Американское Самоа (Обозначения на парусах)

38) Общественная организация: American Scientific Association, American Security Association, Autism Society of America

39) Должность: Accredited Senior Appraiser, Alarm Systems Agent, Associate of the Society of Actuaries

40) Чат: As Soon As

41) NYSE. A S A, Ltd.

42) Аэропорты: Assab, Eritrea

43) НАСА: Australian Space Agency

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > asa
16 MSC

1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stall Cycles, Multimedia Super Corridor, протокол MSC (Mass Storage Class - протокол, предназначенный для работы с устройствами хранения больших объемов данных.)

2) Медицина: medically significant condition, multiple-slit collimator, mesenchymal stem cell

3) Американизм: Mail Stop Code

4) Спорт: Minnesota Ski Council, Montreal Soaring Council

5) Военный термин: Chief Mess Specialist, Coastal Minesweeper, Major Subordinate Command, Major Systems Command, Manpower Services Commission, Material Status Committee, Medical Service Corps, Medical Specialist Corps, Medical Staff Corps, Meteorological Service of Canada, Military Service Committee, Military Space Command, Military Staff Committee, Military Staff Committee of the United Nations, Mission Support Center, maintenance support center, major subordinate commander, master status chart, material source code, medical supply company, message switching center, military scout car, military studies center, missile sequence chart, missile system checkout, multiservice center, Major Subordinate Command (NATO), главный моделирующий компьютер (ГМК) (main simulation computer)

6) Техника: Maintenance Steering Committee, microstrip coupler, mobile subscriber central

7) Математика: максимальный сильный компонент (ориентированного графа), сходимость в среднеквадратическом (mean-square convergence)

8) Бухгалтерия: Mandatory Settlement Conference

9) Страхование: Murmansk Shipping Company, Murmansk

10) Биржевой термин: Market Stance Coefficient

11) Ветеринария: Medicines Select Committee (of the BVA)

12) Сокращение: Major Subordinate Commander (NATO), Management Sectional Center (manages all post offices within ZIP range), Manned Spacecraft Center, Maritime Safety Committee, Maritime surface Surveillance Capability, Medical Service Corps (USA), MicroSoft C, Military Sealift Command (USA), Minesweeper, Coastal, Missile and Space Council, Mission Success Criteria, Mobile Switching Center, Multiple Sidelobe Canceler

13) Университет: Mad Science Club, Memorial Student Center

14) Физика: Multiple Scatter Correction

15) Электроника: Multiple Sidelobe Canceller

16) Вычислительная техника: mobile switching centre, most significant character, Mobile services Switching Center (PLMN, GSM, GPRS, Mobile-Systems)

17) Нефть: marine survival craft, margin and sales contributors

18) Связь: MultiSlot Cell, Multi Service Concentrator (Alcatel 7270 MSC)

19) Космонавтика: Mirco Space Capsule

20) Банковское дело: merchant service charge

21) Биотехнология: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells

22) Транспорт: Marine Safety Council, Mechanical Speed Control, Military Sea Command, Military Sealift Command

23) Фирменный знак: Manhatten Supply Company, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Micro Surface Corporation

24) СМИ: Mail Service Center

25) Деловая лексика: Maintenance Saving Concept, Merchant System Component

26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Service Contract, Мурманское морское пароходство (ММП)

27) Автоматика: Multiprocessor Standards Committee, multistrip coupler

28) Океанография: Management Service Center

29) Химическое оружие: Major Subordinate Commands

30) Безопасность: monoalphabetic substitution cipher

31) Расширение файла: Microsoft C makefile

32) Нефть и газ: multi-sensor caliper (Weatherford’s multi-sensor caliper (MSC) tool provides an accurate internal casing profile from an array of independent measuring, precision calibrated, carbide-tipped feeler arms.)

33) Рыболовство: Marine Stewardship Council

34) Электротехника: mechanically switched capacitors

35) Общественная организация: Margaret Sanger Center, Monroe Senior Center

36) NYSE. Material Sciences Corporation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MSC
17 MSc

1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stall Cycles, Multimedia Super Corridor, протокол MSC (Mass Storage Class - протокол, предназначенный для работы с устройствами хранения больших объемов данных.)

2) Медицина: medically significant condition, multiple-slit collimator, mesenchymal stem cell

3) Американизм: Mail Stop Code

4) Спорт: Minnesota Ski Council, Montreal Soaring Council

5) Военный термин: Chief Mess Specialist, Coastal Minesweeper, Major Subordinate Command, Major Systems Command, Manpower Services Commission, Material Status Committee, Medical Service Corps, Medical Specialist Corps, Medical Staff Corps, Meteorological Service of Canada, Military Service Committee, Military Space Command, Military Staff Committee, Military Staff Committee of the United Nations, Mission Support Center, maintenance support center, major subordinate commander, master status chart, material source code, medical supply company, message switching center, military scout car, military studies center, missile sequence chart, missile system checkout, multiservice center, Major Subordinate Command (NATO), главный моделирующий компьютер (ГМК) (main simulation computer)

6) Техника: Maintenance Steering Committee, microstrip coupler, mobile subscriber central

7) Математика: максимальный сильный компонент (ориентированного графа), сходимость в среднеквадратическом (mean-square convergence)

8) Бухгалтерия: Mandatory Settlement Conference

9) Страхование: Murmansk Shipping Company, Murmansk

10) Биржевой термин: Market Stance Coefficient

11) Ветеринария: Medicines Select Committee (of the BVA)

12) Сокращение: Major Subordinate Commander (NATO), Management Sectional Center (manages all post offices within ZIP range), Manned Spacecraft Center, Maritime Safety Committee, Maritime surface Surveillance Capability, Medical Service Corps (USA), MicroSoft C, Military Sealift Command (USA), Minesweeper, Coastal, Missile and Space Council, Mission Success Criteria, Mobile Switching Center, Multiple Sidelobe Canceler

13) Университет: Mad Science Club, Memorial Student Center

14) Физика: Multiple Scatter Correction

15) Электроника: Multiple Sidelobe Canceller

16) Вычислительная техника: mobile switching centre, most significant character, Mobile services Switching Center (PLMN, GSM, GPRS, Mobile-Systems)

17) Нефть: marine survival craft, margin and sales contributors

18) Связь: MultiSlot Cell, Multi Service Concentrator (Alcatel 7270 MSC)

19) Космонавтика: Mirco Space Capsule

20) Банковское дело: merchant service charge

21) Биотехнология: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells

22) Транспорт: Marine Safety Council, Mechanical Speed Control, Military Sea Command, Military Sealift Command

23) Фирменный знак: Manhatten Supply Company, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Micro Surface Corporation

24) СМИ: Mail Service Center

25) Деловая лексика: Maintenance Saving Concept, Merchant System Component

26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Service Contract, Мурманское морское пароходство (ММП)

27) Автоматика: Multiprocessor Standards Committee, multistrip coupler

28) Океанография: Management Service Center

29) Химическое оружие: Major Subordinate Commands

30) Безопасность: monoalphabetic substitution cipher

31) Расширение файла: Microsoft C makefile

32) Нефть и газ: multi-sensor caliper (Weatherford’s multi-sensor caliper (MSC) tool provides an accurate internal casing profile from an array of independent measuring, precision calibrated, carbide-tipped feeler arms.)

33) Рыболовство: Marine Stewardship Council

34) Электротехника: mechanically switched capacitors

35) Общественная организация: Margaret Sanger Center, Monroe Senior Center

36) NYSE. Material Sciences Corporation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MSc
18 msc

1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stall Cycles, Multimedia Super Corridor, протокол MSC (Mass Storage Class - протокол, предназначенный для работы с устройствами хранения больших объемов данных.)

2) Медицина: medically significant condition, multiple-slit collimator, mesenchymal stem cell

3) Американизм: Mail Stop Code

4) Спорт: Minnesota Ski Council, Montreal Soaring Council

5) Военный термин: Chief Mess Specialist, Coastal Minesweeper, Major Subordinate Command, Major Systems Command, Manpower Services Commission, Material Status Committee, Medical Service Corps, Medical Specialist Corps, Medical Staff Corps, Meteorological Service of Canada, Military Service Committee, Military Space Command, Military Staff Committee, Military Staff Committee of the United Nations, Mission Support Center, maintenance support center, major subordinate commander, master status chart, material source code, medical supply company, message switching center, military scout car, military studies center, missile sequence chart, missile system checkout, multiservice center, Major Subordinate Command (NATO), главный моделирующий компьютер (ГМК) (main simulation computer)

6) Техника: Maintenance Steering Committee, microstrip coupler, mobile subscriber central

7) Математика: максимальный сильный компонент (ориентированного графа), сходимость в среднеквадратическом (mean-square convergence)

8) Бухгалтерия: Mandatory Settlement Conference

9) Страхование: Murmansk Shipping Company, Murmansk

10) Биржевой термин: Market Stance Coefficient

11) Ветеринария: Medicines Select Committee (of the BVA)

12) Сокращение: Major Subordinate Commander (NATO), Management Sectional Center (manages all post offices within ZIP range), Manned Spacecraft Center, Maritime Safety Committee, Maritime surface Surveillance Capability, Medical Service Corps (USA), MicroSoft C, Military Sealift Command (USA), Minesweeper, Coastal, Missile and Space Council, Mission Success Criteria, Mobile Switching Center, Multiple Sidelobe Canceler

13) Университет: Mad Science Club, Memorial Student Center

14) Физика: Multiple Scatter Correction

15) Электроника: Multiple Sidelobe Canceller

16) Вычислительная техника: mobile switching centre, most significant character, Mobile services Switching Center (PLMN, GSM, GPRS, Mobile-Systems)

17) Нефть: marine survival craft, margin and sales contributors

18) Связь: MultiSlot Cell, Multi Service Concentrator (Alcatel 7270 MSC)

19) Космонавтика: Mirco Space Capsule

20) Банковское дело: merchant service charge

21) Биотехнология: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells

22) Транспорт: Marine Safety Council, Mechanical Speed Control, Military Sea Command, Military Sealift Command

23) Фирменный знак: Manhatten Supply Company, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Micro Surface Corporation

24) СМИ: Mail Service Center

25) Деловая лексика: Maintenance Saving Concept, Merchant System Component

26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Service Contract, Мурманское морское пароходство (ММП)

27) Автоматика: Multiprocessor Standards Committee, multistrip coupler

28) Океанография: Management Service Center

29) Химическое оружие: Major Subordinate Commands

30) Безопасность: monoalphabetic substitution cipher

31) Расширение файла: Microsoft C makefile

32) Нефть и газ: multi-sensor caliper (Weatherford’s multi-sensor caliper (MSC) tool provides an accurate internal casing profile from an array of independent measuring, precision calibrated, carbide-tipped feeler arms.)

33) Рыболовство: Marine Stewardship Council

34) Электротехника: mechanically switched capacitors

35) Общественная организация: Margaret Sanger Center, Monroe Senior Center

36) NYSE. Material Sciences Corporation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > msc
19 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
20 office

управление; департамент; комитет; отдел; бюро; секретариат, канцелярия; разг. кабина экипажа

Joint Service Cruise Missile Program [Project] office — объединенное управление разработки КР (для ВВС и ВМС)

office of Information, Navy — информационное управление ВМС

office of Research, Development and Evaluation — управление НИОКР ВМС

office of the Chief, Army Reserve — управление резерва СВ

office of the Comptroller, Navy — управление главного финансового инспектора ВМС

office of the Deputy COFS for Research, Development and Acquisition — управление заместителя НШ по НИОКР и закупкам (СВ)

office, Aerospace Research — управление воздушно-космических исследований

office, Analysis and Review — управление анализа и контроля потребностей

office, Armor Force Management and Standardization — управление по вопросам администрации и стандартизации бронетанковых войск

office, Assistant COFS for Force Development — управление ПНШ по строительству ВС

office, Assistant COFS for Intelligence — управление ПНШ по разведке

office, Assistant COFS — управление [отдел] ПНШ

office, Assistant Secretary of Defense — аппарат [секретариат] ПМО

office, Chief of Chaplains — управление начальника службы военных священников (СВ)

office, Chief of Civil Affairs — управление по связям с гражданской администрацией и населением

office, Chief of Engineers — управление начальника инженерных войск

office, Chief of Finance (and Accounting) — управление начальника финансовой службы (СВ)

office, Chief of Legislative Liaison — отдел связи с законодательными органами

office, Chief of Ordnance — управление начальника артиллерийско-технической службы (СВ)

office, Chief of R&D — управление НИОКР (СВ)

office, Chief of Transportation — управление [отдел] начальника транспортной службы

office, Chief, Chemical Corps — управление начальника химической службы

office, COFS for Operations — оперативное управление НШ

office, COFS, Army — аппарат НШ СВ

office, Consolidated Personnel — управление гражданских рабочих и служащих

office, Coordinator of Army Studies — управление координатора разработок СВ

office, Defense Transportation — управление военно-транспортной службы

office, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Air Warfare — управление заместителя НШ ВМС по боевому применению авиации

office, Deputy COFS for Aviation — отдел заместителя НШ по авиации (МП)

office, Deputy COFS for Installations and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по расквартированию и тыловому обеспечению

office, Deputy COFS for Manpower — управление заместителя НШ по людским ресурсам

office, Deputy COFS for Operations and Training — управление заместителя НШ по оперативной и боевой подготовке

office, Deputy COFS for Plans and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по планированию тылового обеспечения

office, Development and Engineering — отдел технических разработок (ЦРУ)

office, Development and Weapon Systems Analysis — управление разработки и анализа систем вооружения

office, Director of Development Planning — управление планирования строительства (ВВС)

office, Director of Foreign Intelligence — управление начальника внешней разведки

office, Distribution Services — отдел распределения и рассылки картографических изданий (МО)

office, Economic Research — отдел экономических исследований (ЦРУ)

office, Emergency Transportation — управление чрезвычайных перевозок

office, Employment Policy and Grievance Review — отдел по вопросам занятости и рассмотрению жалоб (СВ)

office, Federal Procurement Policy — управление разработки федеральной политики в области закупок

office, Force Planning and Analysis — управление планирования и анализа строительства ВС

office, General Council — управление генерального юрисконсульта

office, Geographic and Cartographic Research — отдел географических и картографических исследований (ЦРУ)

office, Imagery Analysis — отдел анализа видовой информации (ЦРУ)

office, Information and Legal Affairs — управление информации и права (МО)

office, Information for. the Armed Forces — управление информации ВС

office, JCS — аппарат КНШ

office, Judge Advocate General — управление начальника военно-юридической службы

office, Management and Budget — административно-бюджетное управление

office, Military Assistance — управление по оказанию военной помощи

office, Personnel Manager — отдел кадров (СВ)

office, Services and Information Agency — отдел управления информационного обеспечения

office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Army Aircraft — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО армейской авиации

office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Tactical Communications — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО тактических систем связи

office, the Inspector General — управление генерального инспектора

office, the Legislative Affairs — управление военного законодательства

office, Under Secretary of Navy — аппарат заместителя министра ВМС

office, Under Secretary of the Air Force — аппарат заместителя министра ВВС

Personnel, Plans and Training office — отдел по вопросам ЛС, планирования и боевой подготовки

Strategic Objectives [Targets] Planning office — управление планирования стратегических задач (КНШ)

Strategic Submarine C2 office — отдел оперативного управления ПЛ стратегических сил

Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Night Observation System office — управление разработки систем наблюдения, засечки целей и ПНВ

— Adjutant General's office

— Administrative office

— admission office

— Air Attache Affairs office

— Air Force office of Security Police

— Air Force office of Special Investigations

— Air Force Post office

— Air Force Special Security office

— Air Land Programs office

— air reconnaissance liaison office

— Airlift Coordinating office

— ammunition office

— Antimissile Missile and Space Defense Projects office

— approving office

— Armed Forces Graves Registration office

— Army Air Defense Operations office

— Army Careers and Information office

— Army Electronics and Special Weapons office

— Army Force Modernization Coordination office

— Army Industry Material Information Liaison office

— Army Post office

— Army Procurement Research office

— Army R&D Information Systems office

— Army Research office

— Army Staff Military Assistance office

— Army Staff Operations office

— Army Staff Reserves office

— Army Staff Security office

— Army Staff TOE office

— Army Staff Topography office

— Army Staff Training office

— assault signal office

— beach signal office

— billeting office

— BM Construction office

— BM Defense Program office

— BM office

— branch field post office

— branch office

— British Forces Post office

— careers office

— Central Purchasing office

— Chief QM's office

— cipher office

— circulation control office

— Civilian Personnel office

— code office

— command issuing office

— Commercial Communications Policy office

— community post office

— company office

— Comptroller General's office

— counterfire duty office

— Crime and Intelligence office

— Defense Attache office

— Defense Commercial Communications office

— Defense Communications Engineering office

— Defense Communications Field office

— Defense foreign disclosure coordinating office

— Defense Materiel Specifications and Standards office

— Defense Property Disposal office

— Defense Research office

— Defense Staff office

— District Transportation office

— division ammunition office

— division army post office

— divisional office

— Equal Employment Opportunity office

— Executive office for the National Military Representative

— Executive office of the Secretary

— executive office

— Facilities Engineering office

— Facilities Supply office

— Field Buying office

— field personnel office

— field post office

— Fleet Post office

— forces post office

— Foreign Liaison office

— General Accounting office

— general military training office

— General Post office

— general reference office

— Graves Registration office

— High Energy Laser Systems office

— Highway Regulating office

— Housing office

— housing referral office

— Human Resources Research office

— Information office

— Information Tour and Travel office

— Inspection office

— intelligence office

— Intelligence-Producing office

— Joint Allied Military Petroleum office

— Joint Area Petroleum office

— law-enforcement office

— liaison office

— local recruiting office

— Logistical Assistance office

— Maintenance Interservice Support Management office

— Management Information Systems office

— medical regulating office

— Metropolitan Information office

— Military District Administrative office

— Military Personnel office

— Military Planning office

— military post office

— Military Satellite Communications office

— Munitions Control office

— National Intelligence Tasking office

— National Reconnaissance office

— NATO Airborne Early Warning Projects office

— Naval Aviation Engineering office

— Navy Information office

— Navy office

— Nuclear Cataloguing office

— office Director of Organization and Training

— office for Dependents' Medical Care

— office for the Freedom of Information

— office of Chief of Public Affairs

— office of Chief QM

— office of Chief Signal Officer

— office of Civil Defense

— office of Civil Operations

— office of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services

— office of Civilian Manpower Management

— office of Communication Systems

— office of Community Services

— office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization

— office of Defense Cooperation

— office of Defense Management and Organization

— office of Defense Manpower

— office of Director of Intelligence

— office of Emergency Planning

— office of Emergency Preparedness

— office of Emergency Service

— office of Guided Missiles

— office of Industrial Personnel Access Authorization Review

— office of Industrial Relations

— office of Industrial Security

— office of Military Government for Berlin Sector

— office of Military Government

— office of Military Instruction

— office of Military Leadership

— office of Naval Administration

— office of Naval Inspector General

— office of Naval Inspectors of Ordnance

— office of Naval Intelligence

— office of Naval Operations

— office of Naval Research

— office of Naval Reserve

— office of Naval Warfare

— office of Naval Weapons

— office of Naval Weather Service

— office of NBC Warfare

— office of Ocean Affairs

— office of origin

— office of Personnel

— office of Planning and Management

— office of Primary Concern

— office of Primary Responsibility

— office of Procurement and Materiel

— office of Procurement and Policy

— office of Program Appraisal

— office of Regional and Political Analysis

— office of Research Analysis

— office of Reserve Components

— office of Safety and Nuclear Surety

— office of Security Police

— office of Security Review

— office of Selective Service Records

— office of SIGINT

— office of Space Systems

— office of Special Investigations

— office of Special Weapons Development

— office of Strategic Information

— office of Strategic Offensive and Defensive Systems

— office of Strategic Plans

— office of Support Services

— office of Systems and Financial Management

— office of Technical Information

— office of Technical Services

— office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Public Affairs

— office of the Chief Chemical Officer

— office of the Chief of CW Service

— office of the Chief of Finance

— office of the Chief of Information

— office of the Chief of Military History

— office of the Chief of Naval Operations

— office of the Chief of Special Warfare

— office of the Chief of Support Services

— office of the Chief Signal Officer

— office of the Chief Surgeon

— office of the Commanding General

— office of the Deputy COFS for Logistics

— office of the Deputy COFS for Military Operations

— office of the Deputy COFS for Personnel

— office of the Deputy COFS

— office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship

— office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering

— office of the Director of Weapons Systems Analysis

— office of the Director

— office of the Field Directorate and Ammunition Plants

— office of the General Purchasing Agent

— office of the JCS

— office of the Judge Advocate General

— office of the Oceanographer of the Navy

— office of the Provost Marshal General

— office of the QM

— office of the Scientific Adviser

— office of the Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs

— office of the Secretary of Defense

— office of the Secretary of the Air Force

— office of the Secretary of the Army

— office of the Secretary of the Navy

— office of the Secretary to the Staff

— office of the Secretary

— office of the Surgeon General

— office of the Under Secretary of the Army

— office of the US Army Attache

— office of Weapons Intelligence

— office QM General

— operations office

— Physical Education office

— Planning and Administrative office

— Political-Military Affairs office

— Preparedness office

— Program Analysis and Evaluation office

— Program Planning office

— project manager office

— Public Affairs office

— Public Information office

— Public Relations office

— Records office

— recruiting office

— regional office

— replacements allocation office

— Resources Management office

— Retirement Services office

— Royal Marine office

— SAC Project office

— Secretary of the Army office

— Security office

— Soldiers' Record office

— staff office

— Strategic Technology office

— sub-post office

— Summing-Up Evaluation office

— support control office

— Survivable Communications office

— Survivor Assistance office

— System Analysis office

— Systems Program office

— Traffic Control office

— Training Aid Service office

— US Army Commercial Communications office

— War office

— Weapons System Analysis office

English-Russian military dictionary > office

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military supply standards

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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military supply standards

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